Fire protection and escape essentials (updated on January 113, 1)

※Fire disaster prevention instructions:
119. When a fire breaks out, you should remain calm and collected, notify people around you immediately, and dial XNUMX to report the incident. When reporting a fire, the correct address of the fire, the location of the floor where the people are located, and whether anyone is trapped should be informed.
2. When entering public places, you should first pay attention to the evacuation routes and ensure the location of the evacuation exits in both directions.
3. Do not let people with disabilities or children stay alone at home; when a fire breaks out, help them evacuate as soon as possible.
4. Please do not push debris at emergency entrances and exits, emergency evacuation stairwells and other places to hinder people's escape.
5. When the fire scene is full of smoke during the escape process, do not forcefully cross. If your escape is blocked, please return to a relatively safe area, close the door and stuff the cracks in the door with clothes to wait for rescue.
6. When evacuating, do not worry about your own clothes and belongings at home, seek evacuation time as early as possible, and the last person to leave should close the door to prevent the fire from spreading.
7. If a fire is accidentally caused by using a gas stove, the gas should be turned off immediately and covered with a pot lid or wet cloth to reduce the fire.
8. Generally, water can be used to reduce the risk of fire; if it is caused by oil or chemicals, do not use water. Use dry powder, carbon dioxide and other fire extinguishers to extinguish the fire.
9. When using a fire extinguisher, you should stand upwind, pull out the plug first, and spray the nozzle directly toward the bottom of the fire source. However, if the fire expands and cannot be extinguished, you should evacuate immediately.
10. To prevent fires, do not smoke in bed; keep lighters out of the reach of young children at home; do not plug too many plugs into electrical sockets, and the sockets should be cleaned of dust frequently.

※Escape and Refuge Principles

1. Do not delay the evacuation time just to collect your belongings. Your primary goal should be to preserve your life.

2. Do not use the elevator to escape

A power outage is likely to occur at the fire scene. If you use an elevator to escape, you may be trapped in the elevator due to a power outage.

3. Don’t hide in the bathroom

1. The number one killer in fires is thick smoke, and bathroom doors and ceilings are mostly made of plastic. Plastic doors are not resistant to high temperatures. As long as the smoke temperature reaches about 200 to 400 degrees, the plastic door will melt and deform, and the bottom of the bathroom door There are also ventilation louvers, so hiding in the bathroom cannot effectively block the smoke. In the end, it will cause casualties due to the invasion of the smoke.

2. There is a "trap" under the drain hole in the bathroom. It uses a curved shape to retain accumulated water in the drain pipe, which plays an air isolation role and prevents the odor in the drain pipe from flowing into the room, so no fresh air flows into the bathroom.

3. Bathrooms often have no windows to the outside, making it impossible to call for help and difficult for firefighters to find.

4. Do not use plastic bags to cover your head

Using a plastic bag to cover your head will not only fail to contain fresh air, but will also cause mist on the plastic bag due to breathing, affecting the sight and speed of escape! If exposed to high temperatures in a fire, plastic bags will melt and stick to the skin!
5. Don’t waste time looking for wet towels and delay evacuation.

Thick smoke is the number one killer in fires, so you should not try to escape through thick smoke. In the past, the concept that you can escape through thick smoke by covering your mouth and nose with a wet towel is actually wrong, because wet towels cannot block the thick smoke and will cause casualties. Carbon monoxide and toxic gases, so when evacuating from a fire scene, you must not waste precious evacuation time looking for useless items such as wet towels or plastic bags that cannot protect you, so as not to delay your escape and evacuation opportunities and unfortunately get trapped in the fire scene.

6. Fire escape and evacuation procedures

1.Open the door and escape to the first floor.

The best strategy for escaping from a fire is to leave the building, and the best way to leave the building is to escape to the first floor. And since the average rising speed of smoke is 3 to 5 meters per second, the average upward speed of a person is 0.5 meters per second. If you run upward, you cannot escape the smoke, so the principle of escaping from a fire is to escape downward. In addition, before opening the door, you should touch the door handle to test the temperature and observe whether there is smoke outside the door. If the door handle is very hot and feels hot to the touch, it means that the other side of the door is already in a high temperature state. Do not open the door and use other escape routes. If you do not feel the high temperature, open a crack in the door and observe whether there is any problem outside the door. If there is smoke, try to escape again if there is no smoke, and close the door to prevent the spread of fire and smoke; if there is smoke, do not try to escape through the smoke, you should close the door and go back indoors, and plug the door gap with clothes or towels to prevent smoke from flowing in, and use another method instead. Other escape routes.
2.If you don’t see any smoke in the stairwell, you can continue to go down and escape.

Only when you confirm that there is no smoke in the stairs, you can choose to go down the stairs to escape. It is best to choose a safety ladder with a fire door to escape (because closing the fire door can prevent the fire and smoke from spreading to the safety stairwell, causing safe escape environment).
3.Escape routes in two directions should be planned at ordinary times. When the main escape exit cannot go down and escape outward, please find the second escape exit and escape downward. If the second escape exit is also blocked, move to a relatively safe space and close the door to evacuate and wait. firefighter rescue

In a fire scene, if the door handle is very hot and feels hot to the touch, or if you open the door and find smoke outside, and there is no other escape route downwards, you should close the door immediately to prevent the fire and smoke from intruding, and then use clothing or towels to cover the door. Plug the cracks to prevent smoke from flowing in, and look for a relatively safe space in the opposite direction of fire, smoke, and heat, such as a balcony or room farthest from fire, smoke, and heat. The door must be a wooden door that can be closed tightly instead of Use plastic or glass doors that cannot block high temperatures and smoke. Take refuge in a relatively safe space and call 119 for help. Remember to inform 119 in detail about the location of the rescuers and wait for rescue by firefighters.

7. When escaping from a fire, remember to close the door.

When escaping from a fire, be sure to remember the concept of "closing the door easily"! If the fire starts in the living room or house, when escaping from the burning room or home, you should close the door and the door. This can confine the fire and smoke to the burning room or house, so that people in other rooms or floors can escape smoothly.